Suction pump



- Dec. 15,1925- 1,565,884 B. S. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP Filed July 30. 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet' 1 Dec. 15, 1925. 1,565,884

' y B. S. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP Eilegi Ju lar 30. 1921 8 Sheets-Shet 2 [6 36x195 sea Dec. 15, 1925- 1,565,884

B. s. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP Filegi July 50. 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 I l 5 '2 i 59 g 1 19 L I I l '1 1 "1| l' ""nn I i *E Dec. 15, 1925. 1,565,884

B. S. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP Filegi July 30. 1921 8 Shea twee? 5 Dec. 15,1925. 1,565,884

B. S. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP I Filed July 30. 1921 8 Sheets-$heet 6 [291/ 4'0 j i i 41? l 4' a; m mlnlull Dec. 15, 1925- 1,565,884

B. s. AIKMAN SUCT ION PUMP Filegi July 30. 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 5' Dec. 15, 1925. 5

B. S. AIKMAN SUCTION PUMP FilegiJuly 30.1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Patented Dec. 15, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,565,884 PATENT OFFICE.

BURTON S. AIKMAN, OE MIL\VAUKEE, \VISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL- BRAKE 8t ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORIORATION 0F WISCON- SIN.

SUCTION PUMP.

Application filed July 30,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURTON S. AIKMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of ll isconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Suction Pumps, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to pumps and pump inQ' systems.

\Vhile I shall describe in particular a suction type of cistern pump, it is to be understood that I do not intend to limit the invention to this particular use.

The pump of my invention is designed to be operated automatically by a suitable fluid underlnessure', such as compressed air, and is designed for faucet control. The farmer or suburban citizen who installs a fresh water system generally desires potable hard water from the Well and also soft water for washing; purposes from. a cistern.

The installation of a fresh water system involves the provision of means for supplyingr compressed air. Hence the installation of a cistern pumping outfit can be made relatively cheap and convenient by employing the compressed air to perform the work of raising the water from the cistern.

I have observedthat a cistern (designed to catch rainwater) is of necessity a limited source of water supply. A well will supply water usually for an unlimited time.

Its limitation is the rate at which water flows into it. A cistern, on the other hand, is in the nature of a reservoir and permits of a very high rate of pumping, but the quantity which may be withdrawn is strictly limited. Due to this limitation, it is de sirable to be able to withdraw all of the water when necessary, otherwise the full capacity of the cistern is not utilized. One noticeable fault of the air displacement type of cistern pump is the necessity for submergence of the pump barrel. A head of water for more rapid filling of the pump is alsodesirable. But the requirement for fillin g the pump barrel and the requirement for utilizing the full capacity of the cistern are inconsistent and incompatible. For instance, assume an 800 gallon cistern of 8 feet effective depth. If a displacement 1921. Serial No. 438,551.

pump of the usual proportion employed in well work be placed in this cistern, then t-he lower 2 to 3 feet of the cistern which contains 250 to 300 gallons is useless. To meet this situation the so-called squat pump has been developed. This is a pump in which the vertical dimensions have been greatly reduced. However, there is always the necessity for high and low level control even in the squat pump, and the result is that asuccessful and satisfactorily operating pump of less than about one foot vertical height cannot be produced. But this leaves about 100 gallons in the bottom of a cistern. which water would be available if it could be pumped.

Having in mind the problem of the usual cistern, I have devised a faucet controlled air operated (piston type) pump for this class of work which is capableof exerting a suction. Hence, it can pump the cistern dry. Since the pump exerts an eiiective suction, it need not be submerged in the well, and hence, I have mounted the pump above the top of the cistern where it is available for inspection and repair if necessary. As the pump is made single acting, the lift is thereby made less per stroke and lower air pressure can be employed and hence greater economy is possible.

In the operation of my device I employ two pistons, an air piston adapted to have air pressure upon both sides, and a water piston, the water piston however has water on one side and air upon the other. These pistons are provided with packing of the same general character as cup leather, and the prevailing pressures are always such as to keep these packings tight.

The valve mechanismthe headis of a character suitable for control of other types of pumps, for instance, the pneumatic displacement type (see co-pending application, Serial No. 499,816, filed Sept.,10, 1921). It is of a rugged but simple construction, and employs a motor and exhaust valve in the same general combination claimed in my copending application, case 13, Serial No. 50,941, filed September 16, 1915. However, in the present case the motion of the movable piston from one end of the stroke to the other corresponding to full and empty condition of the pump barrel affords the control for the motor which e-fiects the opening and closing of the exhaust valve. As in said case, Serial No. 50,941, the admission valve is operated by the motor to close the same when the exhaust is open and is opened by said motor when the exhaust is closed. Further, like said case, the present construction employs a water relief valve to secure quick depletion of the pressure when the discharge stroke is completed for the purpose of permitting the motor to make a quick and positive stroke to open the exhaust valve and close the admission valve. Attention is called to the fact that in the pres out case I employ a pneumatic motor having a piston of greater effective area for the dis charge stroke of the pump than for the suction stroke of the pump, so that with the same air pressure, a more even and satisfactory operation of the pump is assured.

This difference in piston areas is to meet the condition of a greater lift from the pump to the faucet than from the cistern to the pump. The diameters of the pistons are proportioned to the respective lifts which alternate strokes of the pump are called. upon to overcome.

In order to acquaint those skilled in the art with the manner of constructing and operating my invention, I shall now describe a specific embodiment in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a. diagrammatic view of a water supply system embodying my invention;

Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the pump which embodies my invention;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section taken at right angles to the plane of paper in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a rear elevational view of the head casting;

Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the same;

Figure 6 is a top plan view of the head casting; and

Figure 7 is a front elevational view of the same;

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view taken at right angles to the plane of the paper of Figure 7 and also taken on line 88 of Figure 6;

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view of the head casting taken on the line 99 of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the intermediate casting;

Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view of the intermediate casting taken on the line 1111 of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional view of the intermediate casting taken on line 1212 of Figure 10;

Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional view of the same taken on line iii-13 of Figure 1 Figure 14 is a bottom plan view of the foot casting;

Figure 15 is a left side elevational view of the same;

Figure 16 is a longitudinal vertical section of the foot casting taken at right angles to the plane of the paper in Figure 15; and

Figure 17 is an axial section taken on the line 17-17 of Figure 14.

As I have indicated in Figure 1, the pump 1 is mounted upon a suitable support (not shown) at the head of the cistern 2, this cistern being of any suitable character and of adepth within suction limit. The pump 1 is provided with a suction pipe 3 which is provided with a union -1 so that the suction pipe may be readily disconnected from the pump. This suction pipe is preferably provided with a foot valve and strainer 5 at the lower end of the intake pipe. Instead of a foot valve a check valve inserted anywhere in the suction pipe may be employed. In fact, it' may be advisible under certain conditions to insert the check valve in the horizontal portion of the suction pipe adjacent the union 4 so that inspection and cleaning of the check valve may be readily accomplished without taking the pipe 3 out of the cistern. The pump 1 is provided with a discharge pipe 6 which contains a discharge check valve 7 for preventing flow from the distributing pipe 8 and steady flow chamber 9 back into the pump. The pump 1 is made single acting and the steady flow chamber 9 is provided tosmooth out the flow between strokes. The distributing pipe 8 leads to one or more faucets 10 which are normally closed and which may be opened to cause the pump 1 to operate to discharge liquid as may be desired. The distributing pipe 8 is in this case provided for the distribution of the soft water from the cistern 2 and this system of water supply may be used in combination with the distributing pipe 11 and faucet 12, which supply drinking water and water for general purposes from a suitable well (not shown). The distributing pipe 11 and faucet 12 are supplied with water from a suitable pneumatic displacement pump operated from the same source of compressed air as the pump 1.

I provide a source of compressed air in the form of a storage tankli-l which is supplied intermittently from a compressor 14 operated by a suitable source of power such as the motor The tank 13 is connected to the pump 1 through a suitable reducing valve 16 and this tank may be connected to the pneumatic pump for supplying water to the distributing pipe 11 through another reducing valve to supply air at a different pressure to said hard water system. As I shall point out later, the placing of the pump 1 at the head of the cistern permits the lift from the cistern to the faucet 1O tobe divided into two stages, namely, a suction stage and apressure stage. Due to this fact, the pressure of compressed air required for operating the pump 1 may be relatively low. In fact, as I shall point out later, I have proportioned the strokes of the pump to the intake and discharge, so. that a relatively low pressure of air will satisfactorily operate the device.

As will be more clearly apparent from Figures 2 and 3, the pump 1 comprises a motor cylinder 18 and a pump or water cylinder 19. A suitable air piston 20 is adapted to be mounted in the air cylinder 18 and a. corresponding piston 21 is mounted in the water cylinder 19. These cylinders 18 and 19 are constructed o'l seamless tubing, preferably brass, and the ends of these sections of tubing are closed off by castings including the head casting 22 which closes off the upper end of the cylinder 18, the intermediate casting 23 which closes off the lower end of the cylinder 18 and the upper end of the cylinder 19 and the foot casting 24 which closes ofi the lower end of the cylinder 19.

The pistons 20 and 21 are connected together by a suitable stem or rod 25 which rod passes through the intermediate casting 23 and is provided with a packing 26 for separating the two cylinders pneumatically. The pistons 20 and 21 are similar in construction, and they comprise a head member 27 which is threaded for the reception of the threaded end of the rod 25, a suitable packing member in the shape of a cup, and similar to the well known cup leather, and a follower plate 29 which is connected to the head member 27 through suitable bolts or screws 30. The upper end of the piston rod 25 is recessed, as indicated at 31 for the reception of a valve stem 32, which valve stem bears at its upper end a poppet valve 33 adapted to close a valve port 34 com municating with the exhaust passageway 35. A spring 36 lies below the stem 32 and the piston rod 25.

The heads 22 and 23 are connected together by means of suitable tie rods 38, these rods passing through suitable lugs 39 in the head member 22 and which are threaded into suitable openings 40 in the intermediate member 23. The members 23 and 24 are connected together by three. tie rods 41 which pass through suitable lugs 42 in the intermediate member and which are threaded into suitable openings 44 in the foot member 24. I

The head member 22 provides a number of passageways and valve ports particularly for cooperation with the main valve mechanism, which will be described in detail later, for controlling the individual strokes of the pump. The intermediate casting 23 procertain passageways for the admission and exhaust of motive fluid to both the cylinder 18 and the cylinder 19. The foot casting 24 provides intake and discharge ports for liquid, and also provides passageways and a valve port for a suitable relief valve. The intake passageway for liquid is shown in dotted lines on Figure 2 at This passageway communicates with the lower side of the piston 21. The casting has a suitable socket 46 into which the suction pipe may be threaded. In a similar manner the casting 24'contains a socket 4"? into which the discharge pipe may be threaded, this pipe communicating with the interior oi the cylinder 19 below the piston 21 by means of a passageway shown in dotted lines at 48 in Figure 2. A passageway 49 is drilled centrally down through the foot member 2 I and is counterbored to provide a valve seat at 50 which valve seat cooperates with a relief valve 51'normally held against said seat by a spring 52. The valve 51 has a fluted stem 53 which extends into the lower end of the cylinder 19 in such position as to be engaged by the lower end of the piston 21 when it has completed its discharge stroke. The ports 49 communicate with an outlet socket 54 into which is threaded a drip pipe, shown in Figure 1'. This drip pipe is arranged to discharge a small quantity of water for each stroke and is preferably so connected that this drip is discharged back into the well Or cistern. The lower end of the counterbore is closed by a suitable plug 55 which serves as a means for supporting the spring 52. The foot member 24 is also provided with a passageway 56 shown in dotted lines in Figure 3 which communicates with a releasable connection 57 running to the motor chamber 58 on the head 22. 7 i

The head 22 has a socket (f0 which is threaded to receive the air supply pipe 61 and is also provided with a similar socket 62 for IGCBlViDg the exhaust pipe 17. The

air supply pipe 61 communicatesby way of a passageway 63 with a valve chamber 4 and thence through a valve port 65 with two passageways, namely, the admission passageway 66 running through the top of cyllnder 18, and the admission passageway 67 which leads oi'ilaterally through the releasable pipe connection 68 to a passageway I 69 which communicates with the cylinder 19 above the piston 21.

The passageway 63 which communicates with live air is connected by a port 70 with a releasable pipe connection 71 and through ports 72 in the intermediate casting 23 with the lower end of the cyl nder 18 below the piston 20.

A valve '75 controls the port 65, this valve serving as an admission valve. The valve 7 5 is mounted upon a stem 7 6 which passes through a closely fitting guide 77 to the opposite side of the head casting 22 and is connected to the valve actuating piston 7 8 which comprises a diaphragm 79 clamped between the exhaust valve 80 and the follower plate 81. The exhaust valve 80 is pro vided with a yieldable seat for engaging the concentric ring seats 82 and 83. The annular space. 84 between these seats communicates through a restricted port- 85 with the exhaust pipe 17. A cylinder or chamber 86 is formed about the outer ring seat 82 and this forms a continuation of exhaust passageway 35. The diaphragm 79 is clamped between an annular clamping space 87 and the cap or cover 88 which defines the chamber or cylinder space 58. As previously explained, the chamber 58 communicates with the bottom of the water cylinder 19 below the piston 21.

The pump is preferably mounted on a bracket 89 formed integral with the foot member 24. The pump is intended to be mounted vertically as shown in Figure 1, but this may be varied.

The admission valve 75 which seats upon the seat is provided with a bypass in the form of a transverse line or scratch on this valve seat as indicated at 90 in exaggerated form on Figure 8. It is desirable to permit a small amount of air to leak by the valve 7 5 to secure proper operation of the pump. This may be done as I have indicat-ed by the formation of a small groove or scratch upon the valve seat or by drilling a very small hole between the valve chamber 64 and the passageway 66. The formation of a scratch or groove upon the valve seat is preferable since this automatically cleans itself and is not subject to stoppage.

The operation of the device is as follows:

Assume that the pump is installed as indicated in Figure 1, and is supplied with suitable motive fluid such as compressed air at the desired pressure. The pump is started in operation by opening the faucet 10. Normally the pump is stalled by the back pressure of the water in the delivery or distributing mains 8 and no movement of the parts results until water is withdrawn at the faucets 10 or at some other point not shown. It is obvious that any number of outlets may be provided within the. capacity of the pump to supply one or more of them as desired. The steady flow chamber 9 is normally partially filled with air so as to provide means for supplying the discharge from the faucet 10 between strokes of the pump 1. Opening of the faucet 1O slightly will permit slow operation of the pump to supply the water withdrawn by said openings. Assuming that the faucet 10 is opened and that the pump is working at a suitable rate of 1,5e5,ssa

discharge within its capacity, air enters the passageway 63 from a tank 13 and assuming that the suction stroke has just been completed and the parts are in the position shown in Figure 3, the exhaust passageway 35 will be closed off from the top of the cylinder 18 above the piston 20 by means of the valve 33. The pressure in the water cylinder 19 below the piston 21 has been low, in fact, below atmosphere, due to the suction effect of the moving piston, and as a result, the pressure on the diaphragm 79 has been reduced on the side of the chamber 58 so that theexhaust. valve 80 has been drawn over to the left and has been held open as indicated in Figure 3, the admission valve being against its seat and being therefore closed. Therefore, up to the present time, exhaust conditions have prevailed in the upper end of the cylinder 18 above the pis ton 20 and in the upper end of the cylinder 19 above the piston 21. However, the lower end of the cylinder 18 below the piston 20 has been under pressure due to the constant communication of the space below the piston 20 with the charge of compressed air through the ports 72, releasable connection 71 and port 70. The relief valve 51 has been in closed position during the suction stroke. As the pistons have reached the uppermost part of their stroke and have come to rest, the air which was entrapped above the pistons 20 and 21 and below the valve 33, together with the air which leaks in through the groove on the seat of the admission valve 7 5 creates a pressure upon the upper ends of the pistons 20 and 21 in excess of the pressure below the piston 20 and thereby places a pressure upon the water in the cylinder 19. This pressure 1s immediately transmitted through the connection 57, to the chamber 58 and is impressed upon the diaphragm 79. The diaphragm, since it has nothing but exhaust pressure on the opposite side, and since it has only the pressure of the compressed an.- upon the admission valve 7 tending to hold the valve mechanism in the position shown in Figure 3, the pressure in the chamber 58 forces the valves and stems over to the right as seen in Figure 3 opening the admission valve 7 5 wide and closing the exhaust valve completely. It will be seen that the exhaust valve 80 is closed before the control valve 33 is opened. As the pistons 20 and 21 move downward, the pressure upon the two sides of the diaphragm 79 will be substantially equal with the exception of the very slight difference in head of the cylinder 19 and the chamber 58. The pressure on the air side of piston 21 is the same as that prevailing on the air side of diaphragm 79. This is because of the connection through passageway 69, pipe 68, port 67, passageway 66, upper end of cylinder 18 and exhaust passageway 35, which in turn communicates with diaphragm chamber 86 (see Fig. 8). \Vhile the pressures per unit area are substantially equal the total pressure is in excessin the direction tending to hold the exhaust valve 80 closed because of the fact that the exhaust valve seats against its annular seat with the pressure of the motive fluid in the cylinder above pistons and 21. When the piston 21 reaches the lower end of its stroke, it engages the valve stem 53 of the release valve 51 opening the same and permitting the pressure in the water cylinder to drop to substantially zero. The result is that the pressure in the chamber 58 is released and the pressure of the compressed air upon the right hand side of the diaphragm 79 forces the exhaust valve open with a sudden movement and simultaneously closes the admission valve 7 5. The result is that the air contained in the top of the cylinders 18 and 19 above the pistons 20 and 21 is exhausted through the exhaust port and passageway 85, the passageway 85 being restricted in order to hold a small amount of pressure upon the diaphragm 79 to insure the exhaust valve 80 remaining open during the return stroke of the pistons. As soon as the exhaust valveis opened, the pressure upon the up per sides of the pistons 20 and 21 drops off very rapidly, but the pressure below the piston 20 remains at substantially the pressure of the compressed air with the result that the pressure below the piston 20 raises the piston and causes thesuction stroke of the pump.

As the suction stroke nears completion, the valve 33, which operates as a control valve,closes off the exhaust port thereby trapping a certain amount of air between the pistons. 19 and 20 and their respective cylinder heads, so that the suction stroke is cushioned by the compression of this air above the pistons.

The continuing operation of the pump is a repetition of the above described operation.

In case of closing of the faucets before a particular stroke is completed, the pump merely stops being stalled by the back pressure. It is to be noted that the operation of the valve is quick and positive and that a movement of the valves once initiated is invariably carried through to the completion of the movement independently of the rate of motion of the piston structure 20 and 21.

The simplicity of the structure is quite marked, and no unusual mechanism is employed. The main valve mechanism is similar to numerous constructions employed in air brakes, the pistons are of simple con struction and are packed with packings simi-,

lar to cup leathers, with which the average mechanic is familiar. The entire pump structure is above'the well or cistern and is readily accessible for inspection or repair.

I employ the term lift valve rerein to define a valve that closes and opens by motion to and from its seat in a direction substantially normal to the surface of the seat to distinguish from a slide valve. I am aware that it is old to employ slide valves for controlling the actuation of direct acting steam pumps. A slide valve in a steam pump operates satisfactorily because it can be lubricated both by a steam engine lubricator and second because the moisture of the steam acts as a lubricant and furthermore leakage is not so important because a steam pump never stands under steam pressure indefinitely as such operation would be rendered impractical by the condensation of water in the pipe and by the loss of heat attendant thereto. Such pumps are not adapted for faucet control since a slide valve when operated dry cuts very rapidly. Now it is a peculiar fact that the air that is supplied to a faucet controlled pump is exceedingly dry and if any moisture or lubricant is contained in the air as it passes through the compressor cylinder, such moisture or lubricant is condensed in the storage reservoir 13 both because of the rise in pressure and also because the compressed air remains in contact with the cool walls of the tank which thereupon condense any moisture or lubricant contained in the compressed air. When the air passes through the reducing valve 16 to make a stroke of the pump the air is expanded from a higher to a lower pressure and consequently it becomes very dry and has a great affinity fqr moisture or other lubricant which might be upon the valve seat or valve of the pump. The result of this action is the immediate drying of the surface and in the case of a slide valve excessive cutting of thevalve and seat with consequent leakage. Such leakage would not be so important in a system in which the pump is cut off from pressure and pressure applied only when the pump is pumping full force, I

but in a system where the pump must stand under pressure as in a faucet controlled system for hours and hours at a time the valve must be as nearly absolutely tight as man can make them. In a faucet controlled system of the class described the pump may stand for eight to ten hours at a time under pressure stalled by back pressure in the water pipe. If even a small leak at the air valve exists the pressure in the tank becomes depleted rapidly with aconsequent loss in power. In case the tank 13 is pumped up by means of a gas engine and compressor it common to pump up the tank for several days supply of air. If the valve leaks the system becomes inoperative in a few hours and often no one is available to start the gas engine.

I have discovered that the use of poppet valves or lift valves obviates this difficulty because no matter how dry the air is there is no cutting and hence no leakage of the valve and seat. A further important advantage is that the friction which is consequent upon this drying action is entirely eliminated in a poppet valve.

A further advantage in my construction resides in the fact that the exhaust lift valve may seat with pressure and hence it tends to remain tight when once closed. Ihis same fact permits the valve to be shifted quickly from fully closed to fully open position with a consequent. positiveness and rapidity of operation not possible with a slide valve.

.Vhile the pump has been described in connection with the pui'nping of soft water from cisterns, it is to be understood that it is not limited to such use, and in fact, it may be employed for well work where the water in the well comes within suction limits. In fact, the pump may be employed wherever it is found to fit the conditions or requirements.

I do not intend to be limited to the precise construction shown and described.

I claim:

1. In a pump, a pump barrel having a water inlet and outlet, valve means therefor, a water piston for inducing and expelling water to and from the pump barrel, an air piston for operating said first. piston, admission and exhause valves for the air piston, fluid pressure actuated motor means for operating said valves, and means controlled by said pistons governing the operation of said motor means for operating said valves.

2. In a pump, a pump barrel having water inlet and outlet valves, a pistoirfor said pump barrel, an air motor having a piston for operating the water piston, admission and exhaust valves of the poppet type seating with pressure for said air motor, and a valve operating pressure motor having a control valve governed by one of said pis tons, said motor serving to open and close said admission and exhaust valves alternately.

3. In a pump, a water cylinder, a moving member comprising a motor piston and a pump piston, control valves comprising an exhaust poppet valve seating with pressure, a motor piston connected to the exhaust valve, said piston being subjected to fluid pressure in the pump and means controlled by the completion of a water expulsion stroke for subjecting the valve motor piston to a difference in pressure great enough to move the exhaust valve to open position.

at. In a pump, a motor piston, a Water piston of greater diameter than said first piston, a control valve for the motor piston, a valve motor for the control valve having a movable piston of greater effective diameter in one direction than in the other, the side of less effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the air upon the motor piston, and the side of greater effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the water upon the water piston.

5. In a pump, a motor piston, a water piston of greater diameter than said first piston, a control valve for the motor piston, a valve motor for the control valve having a movable piston of greater effective diameter in one direction than in the other, the side of less effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the air upon the motor piston, and the side of greater effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the water upon the water piston, said control valves comprising an exhaust valve of the poppet type seating with the pressure of the air upon the motor piston.

G. In a pump, a motor piston, a water piston of greater diameter than said first piston, a control valve for the motor piston, a valve motor for the control valve having a movable piston of greater effective diameter in one direction than in the other, the side of less effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the air upon the motor piston, and the side of greater effective diameter being subjected to the pressure of the water upon the water piston, and a relief valve controlled by the completion of the discharge stroke of the Water piston for reducing the pressure upon the water side of said valve motor piston to cause the same to open said exhaust valve.

7. In combination, a motor cylinder, a wa ter cylinder, pistons for said cylinders, said pistons being connected together. means connecting one end of the motor cylinder to one end of the water cylinder, inlet and discharge valves for the other end of the water cylinder, means for admitting fluid under pressure at all times to the other end of the motor cylinder, and a valve mechanism for motive fluid controlled by the completion of the stroke movement of said pistons.

S. In combination, a motor cylinder, at water cylinder of larger diameter than the motor cylinder, pistons for said cylinder, said pistons being joined together, a passageway joining the upper ends of the two cylinders, an admission valve governing the admission of motive fluid to said upper ends, a passageway connecting with the lower end of the motor cylinder for admitting motive fluid at all times, an exhaust valve for the connected ends of said cylinders, said admission and exhaust valves being connected together, a motor for operating said valves and control means adapted to be actuated at the end of the intake stroke of the Water piston for controlling the valve motor to admit live air to the upper ends of said cylinders, and to close off the exhaust, and other means adapted to be actuated at the end of the discharge stroke tor controlling thcvalve mechanism, to open the exhaust and close the admission valve.

S). In combinatiomn combined motor and pump having a motor piston and a pump piston connected together, admission and exhaust valve mechanisms for the motor, and a fluid pressure operated motor governed by the strokes of said pistons for actuating said valve mechanism.

10. A combined ivater pump and operating motor adapted to beactuated by compressed. air, valve mechanism for controlling the admission and exhaust of compressed air,

a valve actuating motorhaving a piston subject on one side to the Water pressure in the pump and on the other side to fluid n'essure prevailing in the operating motor, and means controlled by individual strokes of the pump for governing the operation of the valve actuating motor.

11. In combination, a suction pump having a cylinder, an operating motor therefor, an admission and exhaust valve mechanism torthe motor, a valve motor supplied with pressure from the pump cylinder for-operating said valve mechanism, and a relief valve actuated at the end of the discharge stroke of the pump for controlling the pressure applied to said valve motor;

12. In combination, a suction pump having a cylinder, an operating motor therefor, means for supplying motive fluid to the mo tor, an exhaust valve adapted to be applied to its seat at the end of a pump stroke, a fluid pressure motor having a motor member subjected to the pressure of fluid in the pump cylinder for holding the valve to its seat and subject to the pressure of the motive fluidin the operating motor tending to move it off its seat and means actuated at the end of the pump stroke for depleting the pressure of the pump cylinder.

13. In a pump, a pump cylinder, a motor, means for supplying pressure fluid to the motor, an exhaust passageway for the motor, an exluiust valve tor the motor for closing [he passageway, a valve motor for the ex haust valve su ject to the pressure in the pump cylinder tor applying the exhaust valve to its seat. and a valve controlledby the motor for closing oiii said passageway before the exhaust valve is seated.

14:. In a pump, a pump cylinder, a motor cylinder, an admission valve and an exhaust valve for said motor, passageways for said valves, a motor subject to the pressure of fluid in the pump cylinder for operating said valves, said admission passageway having a by .rass aboutthe admission valve and a cut oii valve controlled by the motor and connected in series with the exhaust valve.

15. In a pump, a pump cylinder, a motor cylinder, connected pistons for said cylinders, a main valve mechanism, a valve motor subject on one side to the fluid pressure in the motor cylii'rder and subject on the other side to fluid pressure in the pump cylinder, at valvz operated upon the completion of a stroke in one direction for depleting the pressure of the pump cylinder side of the valve motor, and a valve operated upon the completion of a stroke in the other direction for shutting ol'i pressure from the motor cylinder side of the valve motor.

16. In combination a pump cylinder, a motor cylinder, a pump piston fitting in the pump cylinder, a motor piston fitting in the motor oyclinder, a rod connecting said pistons, and means for admitting motive fluid below the motor piston for the suction stroke and above both the motor piston and the pump piston for the discharge strok 17. In con'ibination a pump cylinder, a motor cylinder of smaller diameter, a pump piston for the pump cylinder, a motor piston for the motor cylinder, means connecting said pistons, and means for admitting motive fluid below the motor piston tor the suction stroke and above both the motor pis ton and the pump piston for the discharge stroke whereby greater pressure may be attained upon the discharged stroke.

18. In combination, a pumping cylinder, a movable piston in said cylinder, means for supplying motive fluid for driving the piton to expel the Water therefrom, an exhaust valve for said motive fluid, a diiierential pressure operated motor for the exhaust valve, said motor being subject to pressure below the piston and above the piston, and a relief valve operated by the piston at the end of its stroke for reducing the pressure on one side of said piston. p

19. In a pump, an admission port, an admission valve, an exhaust port, an exhaust valve, a motor diaphragm for operating both of said valves, a piston having an air side and a Water side, said diaphragm being subject on one side to the pressure on the air side of the piston and subject on the other side to the pressure on the Water side of? the piston, and means operated by a cont pletion of the throw of the piston in one direction for creating a condition of difference in pressure upon opposite sides or the diaphragm for moving said valves.

20. In a pump, an admission port, an admission valve, an exhaust port, an exhaust Y valve, a motor diaphragm for operating both of said valves, a piston having an air side and a Water side in the pump, said diaphragm being subject on one side to-the pressure on the air side of the piston and goo subject on the other side to the pressure on the water side of the piston, and controlling valves adapted to be actuated at the extreme end of each stroke of the piston for unbalancing the motor diaphragm to operate said valve.

21. In a pump, a slidable piston structure having an air side and a water side, cooperating cylinder means for the piston structure, an admission passageway leading to the air side of the piston structure, an exhaust passageway leading from the air side of the piston structure, ports in said passageways, an admission valve and an exhaust valve cooperating with said ports, a motor diaphragm for ope 'ating said valves, said diaphragn'i communicating on one side with the exhaust passageway and on the other side with the water side of the piston structure, and valve means carried by the piston structure for closing off the connection between the admission passageway and the exhaust passageway.

22. In combination, a piston structure having an air side and a water side, cooperating cylinder means for said piston structure, admission and exhaust valves for controlling the admission and exhaust of air to and from the air side of said piston structure, a motor member subjected to opposing pressure for operating said valves, and valve means operated upon the completion of the the stroke of the piston structure in either direction for unbalancing the pressures on said motor member to cause operation of the valves.

23. In combination, a piston structure having an air side and a water side, cooperating cylinder means for said piston, an admission port for admitting fluid pressure on the air side of the piston structure, an exhaust valve for releasing the pressure on the air side of the piston, said exhaust valve being of the poppet type and being adapted to seat with the pressure on the air side of the piston structure, a motor member for moving said exhaust valve, said motor member being subjected to opposing pressure, one side of said motor member being subject to the pressure prevailing on the water side of the piston structure and the other side of said motor member being subject normally to the pressure prevailing on the air side of the piston structure, and valve means controlled by the piston structure for closing off the connection between said latter side of the motor member and the air side of the piston structure.

24. In combination, a pump, an admission port, an admission valve therefor, an exhaust port, an exhaust valve therefor, said valves seating with superior pressure and being connected together, a motor member for operating said valve and a main piston having aii air side and a water side, said motor member being subject on one side to the pressureon the air side of the piston and subject on the other side to the pressure on the water side of the piston.

25. In a pump, a head member having an admission passageway leading tnerethrough, an exhaust passageway also leading therethrough, and a transverse bore connecting said passageways, a valve stem lying in the transverse bore, said stem having valves on the ends thereof for controlling said passageways alternately, a piston below said head, said piston having a valve for closing off the inner end of the exhaust passageway when the piston is at the end of the intake stroke.

26. A water pump of the piston type comprising three motor piston faces and one pump piston face all mechanically interconnected and fluid pressure supply means including valve means, for applying air pressure to all three motor piston faces upon making a stroke in one direction and for re leasing the air pressure upon two of three said motor piston faces to make the return stroke.

27. A pump having a water cylinder, a solid piston therefor, a motor cylinder having a piston connected to the piston for the water cylinder, an air valve therefor, a fluid pressure motor for actuating the air valve and a fluid pressure transmitting passageway forming a connection from the water cylinder to the motor.

28. A pump having a water cylinder, a

solid piston therefor, a motor cylinder, an air valve therefor, a fluid pressure motor for actuating the air valve and a fluid pressure transn'iitting passageway forming a connection from the water cylinder to the motor, said connection permitting the suction in the water cylinder to hold the exhaust valve open during the suction stroke of the pump.

29, A pump of the suction type comprising two double acting pistons, cylinders cooperating therewith, one of said cylinders comprising a pumping cylinder and having at one end water intake and discharge connections, the other end of the said, cylinder and both ends of the other cylinder providing motor chambers for motive fluid, said cylinders having different diameters, the piston working in the cylinder of smaller diameter being effective to the application of motive fluid upon the suction stroke of the pumping cylinder and the piston workmg in the cylinder of larger diameter being effective to the application of motive fluid upon the discharge stroke of the pumping cylinder.

30. A piston pump comprising two solid double acting pistons connected together, cylinders cooperating with said pistons, one Of Said cylinders comprising a, pumping cylinder and having at one end water intake and discharge connections, the other end of the said cylinder and both ends of the other cylinder providing motor chambers for motive fluid, said cylinders having diflerent diameters, one of the pistons being effective to the application of motive fluid thereto upon the suction stroke of the pumping cylinder and the other piston being effective to the application of motor fluid thereto upon the discharge stroke of the pumping cylinder.

31. In a piston pump a plurality of working chambers, two cooperating double acting pistons for said chambers, said pistons being mechanically connected for joint operation, one of said chambers being a water pumping chamber having intake and discharge connections and check valve therefor, the other chambers being motor chambers, one of said motor chambers being of a diameter different from that of said pumping chamber and an-- other motor chamber being of the same diameter as the water chamber, the diameters of the motor chambers and co-operating pistons being proportioned to the respective work of raising waterto the pump and of discharging it from the-pump to the point of delivery, a source of compressed air, and a connection from said source of compressed air for said motor chambers, said connection including an automatic valve for controlling; the strokes of the pump and a constantly open connection from the source of compressed air to one of saidmotor chambers.

32. In a pump, four working chambers, cooperating mechanically connected pistons for said chambers, water intake and discharge connections for one chamber to permit it to operate a pumping chamber and compressed air admission and exhaust connections for the other working chambers to permit them to function as motor chambers.

33. In a piston pump four working chambers, two of said chambers having a common wall, cooperating pistons for said chambers, said pistons being connected by a common stem extending through said wall, water intake and discharge connections for one chamber, said chamber comprising a pumping chamber, and air admission and exhaust connections for the other chambers, said chambers comprising motor chambers.

34;. In a faucet controlled pumping system, anormally closed water distributing system having manually controllable outlet connections, a source of compressed air, a pump comprising four working chambers, pistons cooperating with said working chambers, one of said chambers comprising a pumping chamber, and three of the chambers comprising motor chambers operating in unison with the pumping chamber, compressed air admission and exhaust connections comprising admission and exhaust valve mechanism, and means for throwing the valve mechanism invariably with a. snap action from one position to another.

35. In a piston pump two coaxial double acting cylinders constituting four working chambers, pistons cooperating with said cylinders, said pistons being connected a piston rod, water inlet and outlet connections for one working chamber to permit it to function as a pumping chamber and compressed air admission and exhaust connections for the other working chambers to permit them to function as motor chambers.

36. In a piston pump comprising a pair of coaxial cylinders placed end to end, a transverse intermediate wall closing off the adjacent ends of said cylinders, heads for the remote ends of said cylinders, pistons for said cylinders, a piston rod connecting said pistons and passing thru said wall, a supply connection for compressed air on one cylinder head, and a water inlet and discharge connection on the other cylinder head, the space in one cylinder between its piston and its cylinder head comprising a water cylinder, the space between the same piston and the intermediate wall comprising amotor cylinder, and both ends of the other cylinder comprising motor cylinders.

37. In a pump of the class described, four working chambers having cooperating connected pistons, one chamber comprising a pumping chamber, two of said chambers comprising motor chambers and one of said chambers comprising a balancing chamber for substantially balancing the pressure upon one of the motor chambers when the other motor chamber makes a working stroke, water connections for the pumping chamber and air connections for the motor chambers and the balancing chamber.

38. In a pump of the character described, two coaxial cylinders having cooperating pistons for forming four working chambers, one of said chambers being a pumping cham her, two of the chambers being motor chambers and one of said chambers being a balancing chamber, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air, an open connection between one working chamber and the balancing chamber, and a connection between the source of air supply and the other motor chamber.

39. In a pump of the character described, four working chambers having cooperating pistons, said chambers comprising one pumping chamber, two motor chambers and one balancing chamber, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air for the other chambers, an open connection between one working chamber and the balancing chamber and a connection for equalizing the unit pressure in all three of the latter chambers.

a 1, at. ts

40. A pump comprising tour working chambers having cooperative pistons, said chambers con'iprising one pumping chamber, two motor chambers and one balancing chamber, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, an open connection between one working chamber and the balancing chamber, valve mechanism for admitting motive to and exhausting the same from said motor chamber and its connected balancing chamber.

11. In a pump of the character described, tour working chambers having cooperating pistons, said chambers comprising one pun'iping chamber, two motor chambers of ditterent diameters, and one balancing chamber of the same diameter as one of the motor chambers. a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air, an open connection between one working chamber and the balancing chamber, and an open connection between the source of air supply and the other motor chamber.

42. In a pump of the character described, tour working chambers having cooperating pistons. said chambers comprising one pumping chamber. two motor chan'ibers of ditten ent diameters, and one balancing chamber of the same diameter as one of the motor chambers, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of con'ipressec. air, an open connection between one working chamber and the balancing chamber, and an open connection between the source of air supply and the other motor chamber. and admission and exhaust valve mechanism between the source of compressed air and said connected chambers.

43. In a pump, the combination of a pair of coaxial cylinders placed end to end with an intermediate head closing the proximate ends of said cylinders, a foot member for the remote end of one cylinder, a head member for the remote end of the other cylinder, a pair of pistons in said cylinders, said pistons being connected by a common piston rod passing through the intermediate member. a foot member having water intake and discharge connecting means, the head having compressed air admission and exhaust connections and air valves carried by the head for admitting and exhausting air to and from the upper cylinder.

44-. In combination, a pair of coaxial cylinders place end to end, an intermediate separating member closing the adj acent ends of the cylinders, a head member for the outer end of one cylinder and a foot member for the outer end of the other cylinder, pistons in said cylinders, a common piston rod passing through said intermediate memher, water connections through the foot member and air connections for the head member and for the intermediate member.

4-5. In combination a pair or coaxial cylinders, an intermediate member closing the adjacent ends 0t both cylinders. a head 1nem ber closing the outer end of one cylinder, and a foot member closing the outer end (it the other cylinder, pistons for said cylinders dividing the cylinders each into two working chambers, a connecting piston rod passing thru the intermediate member. a water connection thru the foot member for one working chamber to permit it to operate as a pumping chamber, air connections thru the head member and thru the intern'icdiate member for permitting two of the woi ehan'ibers to operate as motor chambers, and for permitting a third chamber to operate as a balancing chamber.

to. In combination, a pair of coaxial cylinders, an intern'iediate member closing the adjacent ends o't both cylinders, a head member closing the outer end 01"? one cylinder, and a toot member closing the outer end of the other cylinder. pistons for said cylinders dividing the cylinders each into two working chambers. a connecting piston rod. passing through the intermediate member, a water conriectii'in through the foot member for one working chamber to permit it to operate as a pumping chamber, air connections through the head member and thru the intermediate member for permitting two of the working chambers to operate as motor chambers and for permitting a third chamber to operate as a balancing chamber, and air valve mechanism actuated upon each stroke of the pistons for admitting air to and exhausting the same from one of the motor chambers and the balancing chamber.

47. In a pump of the class described. a pair of coaxial cxninders, an intermediate member closing the adjacent end of the cylinder. a head member closing the outer end of one cylinder, a foot member closing the outer end of the other cylinder. pistons for said cylinders dividing the cylinders into tour working cl'iambers. a piston rod connecting the pistons and passing thru the in termediate member. water connections for the foot member to permit the adjacent worxing chamber to operate as a pumping chamber, air connections through the head for the other three working chambers and a constantly open connection between two of said latter working chambers. said connection comprising a passageway thru the head and a passageway thru the intermediate member.

48. In a pump of the class described, a pair of coaxial cylinders, an intermediate member closing the adjacent end of the cylinder, a head member closing the outer end of one cylinder, a foot member closing the outer end of the other cylinder, pistons for said cylinders dividing the cylinders into ltit) four working chambers,'a piston rod con necting the pistons and passing thru the intermediate member, water connections for the foot member to permit the adjacent working chamber to operate as a pumping chamber, air connections through the head for the other three working chambers and a constantly open connection between two of said latter working chambers, said connection comprisin a passageway thru the head and a passageway through the interniiediate member, and an admission and exhaust valve structure for admitting air to and exhausting the same from said connected working chamber.

49. A faucet controlled system, comprising a closed delivery system having faucets, a source of zompressed air, and a piston dis placement pump having a piston operated in both directions by compressed air in accordance with the demand from the faucets, said pump having a valve action operating upon the end of a pumping stroke with asnap action independently of the rate of water discharged from the pump and a valve actuating motor operated by fluid. pressure for throwing the valve action.

50. In combination, a pair of working cylinders, a double acting piston for each cylinder, a stem connecting the pistons, said working cylinders having suitable heads to provide fluid retaining means upon both sides of each piston, fluid connections for said cylinders comprising water inlet and discharge connections belowthe one piston and comprising air connections for the other side of said one piston and both sides of said other piston, one side of said other piston comprising a working face and the opposite side comprising a balancing face.

51. In a pump the combination of a pair of fluid cylinders, a pair of connected double acting pistons one for each cylinder, each piston comprising a working motor face, said working motor faces facing each other, a liquid pumping face on the other side of one of said pistons, a balancing face on the other side of the other said piston, air connections for said motor faces and said balancing face of the pistons and liquid onnections for the pumping face.

52. In a pump the combination of a pair of fluid cylinders, a pair of connected double acting pistons one for each cylinder, each piston comprising a Working motor face, said working motor faces facing each other, a liquidpumping face on the other side of one of said pistons, a'balancing face on the other side of the other said piston, air connections for said motor faces and said balancing face of the pistons and'liquid con nections for the pumping face, and valve mechanism controlled bythe movement of pistons for governing the admission and exhaust of air to and from the pump.

'53. In combination a pair of cylinders, said cylinders being of difierent diameters, a pair of connected pistons one for each cylinder, said pistons in conjunction with the cylinders providing four working faces, a water intake and discharge connection for one working face and air connections for applying air pressure to the other three working faces.

54:. In combination a pair of cylinders, said cylinders being of different diameters, a pair of connected pistons one for each cylinder, said pistons in conjunction with the cylinders providing four working faces, a water intake and discharge connection. for one working face and air connections for applying air pressure to the other three working faces, an open connection for equalizin the unit air pressures upon two of said air aces and valve means governed by movement of the pistons for controlling the admission and exhaust strokes of the pump.

55; In a pump of the character described, two coaxial cylinders having cooperating pistons for forming four working chambers, one of said chambers being a pumping chamber and the other three being air chan'ibers, two of the air chambers being motor chambers and one of said air chambers being a balancing chamber, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air, an open connection between one working air chamber and another air chamber, and a connection between the source of air supply and the other air chamber.

56. In a pump of the character described four working chambers having cooperating pistons, said chambers comprising one pumping chamber and three air chambers, said three air chambers comprising two motor chambers and one balancing chamber, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air for the other chambers, an open connection between one motor air chamber and another air chamber and a connection for equalizing the unit pressure in all three of the air chambers.

57. In a pump of the character described, four working chambers having cooperating pistons said chambers comprising one pump chamber two motor chambers of different diameters and one balancing chamber of the same diameter as one of the motor chambers, a water intake and discharge connection for the pumping chamber, a source of compressed air, an open connection between two of said working chambers, and connection between the sources of air supply and the other motor chamber and connection between the source of air supply and said two connected chambers, said latter connection comprising admission and exhaust valve mechanism.

The combination of a water pump having a first double-acting motor piston and a second double-acting motor and pump piston connected togctner, cylinders for said pistons, means for applying motive fluid to both sides of the first piston and to one side of the second piston, and liquid admission and discharge means for the otherside of the second piston.

59. The combination of a water pump having a double-acting motor piston, and having a connected pump piston, valve mechanism controlling the effective application and withdrawal of compressed air to and from the motor piston, said valve mechanism including a poppet admission and a poppet exhaust valve connected together ax'ally in line, and quick acting means for throwing said poppet valves upon completion of the strokes of the pistons independently of the rate of movement of the pistons and a normally closed water delivery system connected to the water pump, said pump, motor and system being adapted to stand under pressure.

60. In combination, a pair of connected pistons of different diameters, cylinders of corresponding diameters for said pistons to define working chambers, one of said cylinders in combination with its corresponding piston providing two motor chambers on opposite sides of said one piston, a source of compressed air, means providing an open communication between the motor chamber below the said one piston and source of compressed air, admission and exhaust valve mechanism controlled by movement of the piston for governing the admission and exhaust of compressed air to and from said upper motor chamber, the other cylinder and the other piston defining a pumping chamber for liquid below said other piston and automatic valve mechanism controlled by movement of said pistons for admitting and exhausting compressed air.

61. A faucet controlled system comprising the combination of a closed delivery system having a faucet or faucets, a source of compressed air, a vertically disposed piston displacement pump having a motor piston operated in both directions by compressed air. and a connected water piston, said pump having a valve action for the m0 tor piston operating upon the end of each stroke with a snap action independently of the rate of movement of said pistons, said pistons being adapted to be stalled upon the downstroke of the water piston only.

62. In a pump of the class described, two double-acting pistons, two co-operating cylinders defining a plurality of motor cham bers and one pumping chamber, intake and discharge check valves for liquid for said pumping chamber, two admission ports and a single exhaust port for said motor chamher, a single admission lift valve controlling one only of said admission ports and a single exhaust lift valve controlling said exhaust port for said n'iotor chambers, said valve controlling the admission and exhaust of compressed air to and from the motor chambers to make the strokes of the motor.

as. In a pump of the class described, two

double-acting pistons. two co-operating cylinders defining a plurality of motor chambers and one pumping chamber,

intake and discharge check valves for liquid for said pumping chamber. a single admission lift valve and a single exhaust lift valve for said motor chambers automatically controlling the admission and exhaust of compressed air, and an open connection between the source of motive fluid and one of said motor chambers.

A water pump of the piston type comprising three motor piston faces and one pump piston face all inter-connected mechanically, and motive fluid supply means including valve means for applying pressure to all three motor piston faces for making the admission stroke, and for retaining the air pressure upon one of said three motor piston faces to make the exhaust stroke.

65. A water pump having a double acting motor piston operated by compressed air for making strokes in alternate directions, means for supplying compressed air, said means including snap actuated lift valves controlling the admission and exhaust of compressed air to and from one side of said piston and a constantly open connection for compressed air to the other side of the piston, said pump being connected to a faucet controlled distributing system and being adapted to be stalled by back pressure.

66. In a pump of the class described a cylinder having a double acting piston therein, a head for the one end of the cylinder, a piston rod for the piston and an intermediate member for the other end of the cylinder, automatic admission and exhaust valve means for controlling the admission to and exhaust from the upper end of the cylinder, an open connection for compressed air leading to the lower end of the cylinder and a pump cylinder having one end closed by said intermediate member.

67. In a pump a cylinder having a double acting piston, a head for closing the upper end of the cylinder, means for closing the lower end of the cylinder, an admission port in the head, an admisson valve controlling said port, an exhaust valve, an exhaust passageway in the head having a port controlled by said exhaust valve, and means carried by the piston for blocking off the exhaust passageway at substantially the end of the exhaust stroke of the piston.

68. In a pump a cylinder having a double acting piston, a head for closing the upper 

